Introduction to Practical Astigmatism

Introduction to the 24 chapters, authored by Prof. Noel Alpins. A compendium of Prof. Alpins work over the past 30 years which includes: The Alpins Method, Vector Planning, Astigmatism Analyses of toric IOL, LASIK and SMILE procedures, Practical astigmatism analysis, Corneal Irregularity, Double-Angle Vector Diagrams, encompass all my scientific innovations in ophthalmology over a series of more than twenty peer reviewed papers. The book is comprised of twenty-four well illustrated chapters that helps deal with the treatment of astigmatism whether it be incisional, ablation, toric implants and, when you get a refractive surprise how you might apply my method to treat and to analyse these surprises.